Source; SNGLR
Sea level relative to global coastlines is defying alarmist claims of accelerating sea-level rise, reports New Zealand scientist Vincent Gray. Objective measurements from coastal regions around the world show minimal or nonexistent sea-level rise, Gray reports, and the data are particularly reliable due to the recent installation of GPS leveling equipment on many sites. Gray published a paper on the topic, with data and links to more data, on meteorologist Anthony Watts’ Web site, Watts Up With That?
An increasing number of researchers are concluding geothermal activity, including volcanic activity and deep ocean vents below the seabed, probably have a significant effect on ocean temperatures. A brief survey of some of the literature conducted by climate scientist Judith Curry finds geothermal activity and the way it effects ocean circulation and the turnover of deep and near surface waters could account for a significant portion of recent ocean warming. Without geothermal heat fluxes, the temperatures of the abyssal ocean would be up to 0.5 degrees Celsius lower than observed, deep stratification would be reinforced by about 25 percent, and the strength of the abyssal circulation would decrease by between 25% and 50%, substantially altering the ability of the deep ocean to transport and store not only heat but also carbon and other climatically important tracers. It has been hypothesized that interactions between the ocean circulation and geothermal heating are responsible for abrupt climatic changes during the last glacial cycle. Evidence that underwater geothermal activity plays a significant role in changes in ocean temperatures is also found in paleoclimate literature. During the Miocene, when, despite having carbon dioxide levels similar to the present. Antarctic ice volume was half modern, the Arctic Ocean was ice-free in winter, and extratropical temperatures nearly as warm as in the Eocene. The general consensus seems to be that the Mid Miocene warming event is best explained in terms of deep ocean circulation or the so called‘oceanographic control of Miocene climate. Arthur Viterito, professor of geography of the College of Southern Maryland, demonstrated the link between undersea volcanic activity and shifts in ocean temperatures.
The cold waters of the deep ocean had not warmed measurably since 1995, destroying one theory commonly proposed for why Earth hasn’t warmed over the past 18 years despite rising greenhouse gas levels. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) analyzed satellite and direct ocean temperature data from 2005 to 2013, finding that below 1.24 miles the ocean has not warmed. JPL did find the temperature of the top half of the world’s oceans is naturally rising, but not enough to account for the present stall in warming.
Dr. Xinfeng Liang (MIT), professor Carl Wunsch (Harvard) showed that recent oceanic heat uptake from the atmosphere is very small, in the order of a few tenths of a watt per square meter; too small to effect the deeper ocean. They also contend that some areas of the ocean are warming through heat coming from the ocean bodies below them, and that other parts of the ocean are cooling. It is clear from their work that heat exchanges in each of the worlds oceans, although extremely complex, are the result of energy exchanges over many years, and not the result of any global-warming in the past few decades.
Research indicates natural factors are behind the warmth in the Arctic and the extreme cold in Siberia and across much of Asia. Times of low sea ice levels were the consequence of natural factors, not the cause of the Arctic’s warmth or Eurasia’s extreme cold. Nature Geoscience and Geophysical Research Letters showed periods of low Arctic sea ice don’t historically correlate with low temperatures in Europe. Researchers using 600 years of climate records “found no evidence of Arctic sea-ice loss having impacted Eurasian surface temperature. ... We conclude that the observed cooling over central Eurasia was probably due to a sea-ice-independent internally generated circulation pattern.”
Researchers from at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands found, during the period of purported human-caused climate change when flooding is supposed to be increasing, the number of flood deaths and damage from flood events across Europe has been decreasing steadily. The research team examined flood exposure and records for 37 European countries since the 1870s.
Polar sea ice remains more extensive than the long-term average, satellite measurements show. Northern Hemisphere sea ice is slightly below its average extent since satellites first began measuring sea ice extent in 1979. Southern Hemisphere sea ice, however, is substantially more extensive than the long-term average. Polar sea ice had been more than 500,000 square kilometers above the long-term average.
Global sea-level rise has not accelerated during recent decades a published peer-reviewed study reports. Sea level continues rising at approximately seven inches per century, which is the same pace of sea-level rise that occurred without substantial harm during the twentieth century.
Groundwater slowly discharges into the oceans over time, with the rate and amount varying dependent on periodic shifts in ocean currents, rainfall amounts, and rates of aquifer recharge, among other factors. Climate models do not take into account groundwater discharge into the world’s oceans, yet the volume of fresh water stored as groundwater is second only to the amount of water frozen in Antarctica’s icy expanse, and it is three to eight times the amount of water contained in Greenland’s glaciers. On relatively short time scales, during periods of frequent La Niñas, a greater proportion of precipitation falls on the land globally “and when routed through more slowly discharging aquifers, sea level rise decelerates. During periods of more frequent El Niños, more rain falls back onto the oceans, and sea level rise accelerates. In contrast to La Niña induced shallow-aquifer effects, deep aquifers have been filled with meltwater from the last Ice Age, and that water is slowly and steadily seeping back into the oceans today. Deep aquifers are constantly discharging water into oceans, and “primarily regulated by geological pore spaces (in addition to pressure heads), the slow and steady discharge of these older waters affects sea level rise on century and millennial timeframes.” This discharge could account for a large portion of, if not all, unaccounted-for any potential sea level rise.
The Tradesman
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